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kingdom Plantae

Introduction:
Plantae kingdom includes all sorts of plants belonging to multicellular eukaryotes.
Plantae Kingdom:

These plants are autotrophs and they use chlorophyll for the photosynthesis.

Classification of Plantae Kingdom
Based on distinct body structure, components, etc. plantae kingdom is further classified as −

1.Thallophyta

2.Bryophyta

3.Pteridophyta

4.Gymnosperms

5.Angiosperms

Let’s discuss each of them in brief −

Thallophyta:
The plants of thallophyta do not have well-differentiated body design.

The plants in thallophyta are known as algae and they are predominantly aquatic.
Chara:

Some of the significant examples of thallophyta are Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora, Chara, etc.

Bryophyta:
The plants of amphibian group are categorized as bryophyta.

Though not distinctly developed, but the plant body can be differentiated to form stem and leaf-like structures.


The examples of bryophyta are moss (Funaria) and Marchantia.

Pteridophyta:
Plants of pteridophyta have defined roots, stem, and leaves.

Pteridophyta plants have specialized tissue that transports water and other materials from one part to another part of the plant.


Examples of pteridophyta are Marsilea, ferns, and horse-tails.

The commonality among the thallophytes, the bryophytes, and the pteridophytes are – all of them have naked embryos, which are known as spores.

The reproductive organs of plants of these groups are known as ‘cryptogamae,’ which means ‘hidden reproductive organs’.

Gymnosperm:
The plants of gymnosperm bear naked seeds.

These plants are normally perennial, evergreen, and woody.

Cycas:

Examples of gymnosperm are pines (such as deodar, cycas, etc.

Angiosperms:
The plants of angiosperm bear covered seeds.

Plants of angiospherms are also known as flowing plants.

Plant embryos in seeds have a typical structures known as cotyledons, which is also called as ‘seed leaves.’


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